14. The setting of protective areas can have negative effects on local fisheries and people's incomes. These include poverty, hunger, health, education, climate change, gender equality, Water supply, sanitation, energy, urbanization, environment and social justice. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. In Norway, for instance, citizens, working through a web page called finn.no, can earn money for picking up plastic on the beach. No data is available for this indicator yet. [37], Sustainable Development Goal 14 has been incorporated into the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),[38] the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),[39] and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The ocean absorbs about 30 percent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming. [2] Ocean cation puts coral reefs and other species in danger which impacts the marine food chain and ecosystem services including fisheries, transportation and even tourism. Improving the health of Southeast Asia's largest lake. [24] Conserving coastal and marine areas has many benefits including maintaining the biodiversity and endangered species, providing areas where fish are able to reproduce, swan and grow to their adult size, maintaining local cultures, economies and livelihoods that are linked to the marine environment. The amount of plastics in large marine ecosystems are measured based on "a model of surface water circulation and the use of proxy inputs". Capacity-enhancing subsidies can only solve immediate poverty conditions for the moment. The amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean also increases. [7] Marine pollution has reached shocking levels; each minute, 15 tons of plastic are released into the oceans. Over 3 billion people depend on marine life for their livelihood. Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water | United … A tiny South Pacific island gets a new lease on life with solar energy. Oceans and fisheries support the global population’s economic, social and environmental needs. How the SDGs address violence against women. [26], The full title of Target 14.7 is: "By 2030, increase the economic benefits to small island developing states and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism".[1]. (2018). However, there has been a 26 percent increase in acidification since the industrial revolution. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the ocean's pH today is 8.1. Although many participating United Nations legislative bodies comes together to discuss the issues around marine environments and SDG 14, such as at the United Nations Ocean Conference, it is important to consider how SDG 14 is implemented across different Multilateral Environmental Agreements, respectively. [31] Concerns regarding ocean health in destructive fishing practices and marine pollution were discussed, in looking at the role of local communities of small island developing States (SIDS) and least developed countries (LDCs) to not forget that oceans are a large part of their economies.[31]. The Goal has ten targets to be achieved by 2030. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.5.1 is the "coverage of protected areas in relation to marine areas". This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.7.1 is the "sustainable fisheries as a proportion of GDP". A major portion of its natural world will be significantly safeguarded to encourage sustainable development and fight climate change. These SDGs include ‘no poverty’ (SDG 1), ‘zero hunger’ (SDG 2), ‘decent work and economic growth’ (SDG 8), ‘reduced inequalities’ (SDG 10) and ‘responsible consumption and production’ (SGD 12). 14 0.0/5. “Without concerted efforts, coastal eutrophication is expected to increase in 20 per cent of large marine ecosystems by 2050.”[10], Characterized by extinctions, invasions, hybridizations and reductions in the abundance of species, marine biodiversity is currently in global decline. 14. Karim, L. Levin, S. O’Donoghue, S.R. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. [43] The way to best safeguard life in oceans is to implement effective management strategies around marine environments. Goal 14 Targets. The full title of Target 14.b is: "Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets".[1]. The official wording is to "Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development". Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve ... We remain convinced that the 2030 Global Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 SDGs are an excellent instrument that can help Kazakhstan to effectively achieve its development aspirations as articulated in Strategy 2050 and the subsequent reform agenda. Long-term observations of ocean acidification over the past 30 years have shown an average increase of acidity of 26 per cent since pre-industrial times, and at this rate, an increase of 100 to 150 per cent is predicted by the end of the century, with serious consequences for marine life. Sustainable Development Goals; Goal 14: Life Below Water : Goal 14: Life below water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources. Goal 14 Targets. [23], As areas of protected marine biodiversity expand, there has been an increase in ocean science funding, essential for preserving marine resources. Each area has a specific level of protection and a specific allowed range of activities. © 2021 United Nations Development Programme, By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities, including marine debris and nutrient pollution, By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid significant adverse impacts, including by strengthening their resilience, and take action for their restoration in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans, Minimize and address the impacts of ocean acidification, including through enhanced scientific cooperation at all levels, By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics, By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information, By 2020, prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies which contribute to overcapacity and overfishing, eliminate subsidies that contribute to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and refrain from introducing new such subsidies, recognizing that appropriate and effective special and differential treatment for developing and least developed countries should be an integral part of the World Trade Organization fisheries subsidies negotiation, By 2030, increase the economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries from the sustainable use of marine resources, including through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism, Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries, Provide access for small-scale artisanal fishers to marine resources and markets, Enhance the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources by implementing international law as reflected in UNCLOS, which provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and their resources, as recalled in paragraph 158 of The Future We Want. Staples, D., & Hermes, R. (2012). Marine pollution, an overwhelming majority of which comes from land-based sources, is reaching alarming levels, with an average of 13,000 pieces of plastic litter to be found on every square kilometre of ocean. UNDP is responding to the most pressing issue we face as a species with what we hope will be the largest-ever global survey on climate change. The ten targets include reducing marine pollution (14.1), protecting and restoring ecosystems (14.2), reducing ocean acidification (14.3), sustainable fishing (14.4), conserving coastal and marine areas (14.5), ending subsidies contributing to overfishing (14.6), increase the economic benefits from sustainable use of marine resources (14.7), increase scientific knowledge (14.a), supporting small scale fishers (14.b) and implementing and enforcing international sea law (14.c). The targets also call for an increase in scientific knowledge of the oceans. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.6.1 is the "progress by countries in the degree of implementation of international instruments aiming to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing". "[1], It has one indicator: Indicator 14.1. is the "Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density"[16], The "Index of Coastal Eutrophication (ICEP), refers to the inputs of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and silica, in different forms) from rivers, and corresponding nutrient-ratio sub-indicator. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.4.1 is "the proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels". [35], Climate impacts on marine ecosystem services related to primary industries that provide food, income and livelihood to people have direct implications for a range of SDGs. The resulting impacts of rising sea levels by 20 centimeters since the start of the 20th century and the increase of ocean acidity by 30% since the Industrial Revolution has contributed to the melting of ice sheets through the thermal expansion of sea water. Finkl, C. W., & Makowski, C. (2010). Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.b.1. The deterioration of coastal waters has become a global occurrence, due to pollution and coastal eutrophication (overflow of nutrients in water), where similar contributing factors to climate change can affect oceans and negatively impact marine biodiversity. [4], The Sustainable Development Goals are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations. However, today we are seeing 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks overexploited, reaching below the level at which they can produce sustainable yields. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.a.1. Rare sea turtles flourish as a community bands together. 14 Keeping beaches and ocean water clean in less developed countries can attract tourism, as stated in Goal 8, and reduce poverty by providing more employment. How nations are protecting people from interconnected global crises. [16] This indicator aims at protecting and managing sustainably the marine and coastal ecosystems to avoid adverse impacts. United Nations (2015) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. Marine Policy, 100, 192–199. Purca Cuicapusa, B. Rinkevich, T. Suga, A. Tagliabue, and P. Williamson, 2019: Singh, G. G., Cisneros-Montemayor, A. M., Swartz, W., Cheung, W., Guy, J. Goal 14 Targets. The increase in levels of greenhouse gases leading to changes in climate negatively affects the world's oceans and marine coastal communities. 14 Progress towards each target is being measured with one indicator each. [7][9] Some targets have a target year of 2020, some have a target year of 2025 and some have no end year. [45] Several countries, including Kenya and Tanzania, have banned the use of plastic bags for retail purchases. Sustainable fisheries means leaving enough fish in the ocean while also respecting habitats and ensuring people who depend on fishing can maintain their livelihoods. How we manage this vital resource is essential for humanity as a whole, and to counterbalance the effects of climate change. Oceans also absorb about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide produced by humans, and we are seeing a 26 percent rise in ocean acidification since the beginning of the industrial revolution. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.2.1 is "the proportion of national exclusive economic zones managed using ecosystem-based approaches". Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. [33] Tradeoffs between people's needs and the environment relates to addressing people's livelihoods in an equitable fashion. This target has one indicator: Indicator 14.c.1. Enhancing conservation and the sustainable use of ocean-based resources through international law will also help mitigate some of the challenges facing our oceans. These concerns cover three dimensions: resource management, conflicts between rival countries, and tradeoffs between people's needs and the environment. On Earth Day, harnessing the power of nature to heal herself. Goal 14: Life Below Water. A Review of Research Needs, "Goal 14 .:. [30] Its mission is to also to recognize the small-scale fisheries sector dependents should be empowered to participate in decision-making with dignity and respect through integrated management of the social, economic and ecological systems. Marine biodiversity and resource management – what is the link? [13] “The sustainable management of our oceans relies on the ability to influence and guide human use of the marine environment.”[14]. [11] “Over the past decades, there has been an exponential increase in human activates in and near oceans, resulting in negative consequences to our marine environment.”[12] Made evident by the degradation of habitats and changes in ecosystem processes,[11] the declining health of the oceans has a negative effect on people, their livelihoods and entire economies, with local communities which rely on ocean resources being the most affected. The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Introduction. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. 14. [23], This indicator was met by the Swedish government in 2017. The SDGs cover a broad range of social and economic development issues. Life Below Water Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. If the quantities of floating micro is below <4.75mm, it is labeled as micro and if it's over 4.75cm, it is labeled as macro. Sustainable Development Goal 14 Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. is the "number of countries making progress in ratifying, accepting and implementing through legal, policy and institutional frameworks, ocean-related instruments that implement international law, as reflected in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea". Hughes, Z. D., Fenichel, E. P., & Gerber, L. R. (2011). [40], There are some tradeoff or controversy between the SDG14 and social justice. Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. [1]. Goal 14: Life Below Water. The increasingly adverse impacts of climate change (including ocean acidification), overfishing and marine pollution are jeopardizing recent gains … Area expansion versus effective and equitable management in international marine protected areas goals and targets. The last three targets are "means of achieving" targets: To increase scientific knowledge, research and technology for ocean health; support small scale fishers; implement and enforce international sea law.[1]. 14. Guinder, R. Hallberg, N. Hilmi, N. Jiao, M.S. Effective strategies to mitigate adverse effects of increased ocean acidification are needed to advance the sustainable use of oceans. The ocean contains nearly 200,000 identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions. [29], The full title of Target 14.a is: "Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries".[1]. 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