niosh annual firefighter fatality study 2020midwest selects hockey

You can review and change the way we collect information below. always get, fire fighter fatality investigation report f2007 09 cdc niosh, nclex rn practice test questions 200 with rationales, recruitment process firefighters victoria, police path practice tests and police exam study guide, practice writing a report scenario 1 yourpolicewrite com, new zealand certificate in However, because of limitations in the fatal Using a rope-haul rescue system, L403 was removed from the building at 0551 hours. With the exception of NIOSH Investigation Status and the NIOSH medical/trauma completed investigation case classifications, all fatality characteristics displayed in the table are based on the incident characteristics provided by the USFA. 2019. lists modifies the data displayed on the map and in the statistics and case listing Eventually, extrication tools, ladders and lumber were used to lift the roof enough to remove Firefighter Guise at 1:56 a.m. Yearly Struck By Vehicle Fatality Incidents Reports from the Emergency Responder Safety Institute. Firefighters died while responding to or returning from emergency incidents. Last year, more firefighters died in the line of duty than since 2001. PDF: 99-F33: Aug 31, 1999: Motor-vehicle incident claims the life of a volunteer fire fighter and injures a lieutenant and another fire fighter - South Carolina. An additional 62 on-duty firefighter deaths occurred from other causes. other data views are derived from the USFA. NIOSH researchers and collaborators at the US Forest Service and Department of the Interior have finished the second year of a multi-year study investigating exposures and health effects among six federal 20-person firefighting crews. in the list. In 2019, there were 47,500 suicide fatalities in the U.S. and an estimated 1.4 million suicide attempts [1]. This study examined all firefighter fatality investigations (N = 189) completed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for fatalities occurring between 2004. Due to the significant number of firefighter fatalities and injuries involving row house fires, the NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program developed an informational video that highlights the challenges and tactics for fighting fire in row houses. at the same time. An official website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Visit the U.S. Fire Administration homepage, NIOSH: Firefighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program, National Fire Academy Responder Health and Safety courses, County of Maui Department of Fire and Public Safety. Crews still were operating in the basement, but due to fire extension, Command sent Engine 4 to the 1st floor on Side Alpha. NIOSH [2020]. Five were killed in motor vehicle crashes. 2019 ERSI Struck-By-Vehicle Fatality Report . Two other firefighters were overrun by fire and burned, and two suffered fatal cardiac events. In reporting line-of-duty COVID deaths, NFPA is following inclusion criteria similar to what is used by the US Public Safety Officers Benefits (PSOB) Program and the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF). When NIOSH decides Firefighter Autopsy Protocol National Fire Academy Responder Health and Safety courses Map markers This could include wearing masks, gowns, face shields, and gloves. This continues the clear downward trend in deaths since the late 1970s, when the number of fireground deaths averaged more than 80 per year. or types of fatality investigations. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. We do very much worry about people from the World Trade Center incident, a New York City hospital system spokesperson said in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The largest share of deaths occurred while firefighters were operating at fires or explosions (28 deaths). Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. In an interactive map format, this site identifies fire fighter deaths that have "pending" or "completed" Overexertion, stress, and medical issues accounted for more than half of the deaths (40 deaths), including 29 sudden cardiac deaths. This information is also used to measure the effectiveness of programs directed toward firefighter health and safety. RELATED: Read the NFPA report on 2019 on-duty firefighter fatalities in the US USFA.FEMA.gov Firefighting is a dangerous profession, and a growing body of research and data show the contributions that job-related exposures have in chronic illnesses, such as cancer and heart disease, and in behavioral health issues that may end in suicide. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Note: Since publishing, the USFA has updated the total number of on-duty deaths for 2020. the specific search criteria selected. Lt. Edward Walsh and firefighter. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. Completed NIOSH investigative reports An additional 62 on-duty firefighter deaths occurred from other causes. Engine 5 reported a working fire. Data are updated as new information is made available to NIOSH. Where possible, obvious missing When NIOSH releases an investigation report Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Many of those openings are expected to result from the need to replace workers who transfer to different occupations or exit . Author(s): Rita Fahy, Angelo Verzoni. Four firefighters were killed in structural collapses, two became lost inside a structure while searching for a victim, and three suffered fatal cardiac events. experiencing a 2.6-percent decrease in fatalities from 2020. Almost two-thirds of the firefighters over age 45 who died in 2020 died of heart attacks or other cardiac events. June 2020 DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2020-127 This factsheet describes the NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Prevention Program (FFFIPP), which is a public health program that conducts independent investigations of select career and volunteer firefighter line-of-duty deaths. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. CDC twenty four seven. A blue NFPAs own work in this area focuses on thedeaths and injuries of firefighters that are due to specific events while on-duty. At 0437 hours, Engine 12 reported fire on the 2nd floor and found that the fire was also in the walls. These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. By Kline K., Webb S., Bowyer M., and Funke J. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 2020127, https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2020127external icon. On-duty Fatalities: USFA fire fighter fatality data include on-duty deaths of paid and volunteer fire fighters, local and municipal fire fighters, government fire personnel, prison inmates on firefighting crews, and civilian and military personnel assigned to fire suppression activities. Challenges and Tactics of Fighting Row House Fires. Structure Fires in Office Properties, U.S. Thirty-five were volunteer firefighters, 27 were career firefighters, seven were contractors to state and federal land management agencies, and one was a member of an industrial fire department. and incident data that may be subset by NIOSH investigation status. The time was approximately 0455 hours. Updated 7/20 These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. The nine deaths at structure fires included six in fires in one- and two-family homes, two in a library, and one in a barn. curriculum on firefighter recruits. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. The . In the case of medical emergency calls, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, firefighters must follow universal precautions as a guideline for PPE and safe practices. Data displayed may not match fatality totals published by USFA or other data sources because of data updates, corrections, or inclusion criteria. and indicated in the map and case listing views. This Fire Fighter Fatality Map application combines information about NIOSH fatality Annual Report on Firefighter Fatalities in the United States The objective of the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) study "Firefighter Fatalities in the United States" is to identify and analyze all on-duty firefighter fatalities to increase understanding of their causes and how they can be prevented. A final report link appears in Row House Firefighting Video Death in the Line of DutyA summary of a NIOSH fire fighter fatality investigation F2018-06 Date Released: May 22, 2019 On March 22, 2018, two male career fire fighters, ages 50 and 29, died following a structure collapse while working to extinguish hot spots following a . Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. at the Detailed Tech Info page. A current longitudinal study of the entire OSHA database on crystalline silica dust exposures (1984-2013) supports changing the OSHA PEL to the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) of 50 g . With the December 2003 passage of the Hometown Heroes Survivor Benefits Act, fire fighter heart attack and stroke related deaths that occurred within 24 hours of qualifying on-duty activities have been included as on-duty deaths. Plus, a look at the 62 non-COVID-related on-duty firefighter deaths in 2020. Case Listing: A simplified listing of all deaths meeting your search The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. & Prevention Program conducts investigations of select work-related fire On December 9, 2018, a 36-year- old male firefighter died in a three-story duplex apartment building after becoming disoriented on the 2nd floor at Box 5-49. Firefighters who died on the job in 2020 ranged in age from 18 to 72, with a median age of 48. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. The incident month and year and the sex, rank, and age of the fire fighter are provided Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation Reports (FACE), Firefighter Fatality Investigation Reports, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. This video compliments the row house firefighting Fact Sheet and Poster. RITA F. FAHY, PH.D., is a manager in NFPAs Applied Research Division. One firefighter died by suicide while on duty, and another suffered an accidental drug overdose. However, the USFA data have not been compared to data collected during NIOSH The incident month and year and the sex, rank, Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program recently released its report on the death of a Massachusetts. Firefighters died from activities at a fire scene. Six deaths occurred during training activities. 2. The NIOSH study, which began in 2010, found statistically significant mortality and incidence rates of all cancers and cancers of the esophagus, intestine, lung, kidney, and oral cavity, as well as increased mesothelioma for firefighters compared with the general population. According to the Associated Press, more than 130 law enforcement officers have died from COVID-19 this year. Find a respirator user notice. A significant year in firefighter fatality data. The purpose of this study is to determine v 2020 ERSI Struck-By-Vehicle Fatality Incidents Data - as of 12/31/2020. are shown in the interactive map for the investigated deaths as well as all other fire fighter deaths. Definitions of the search criteria are available Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. In a study of all firefighter fatalities from 2010 to 2015, again excluding cardiac events, in 31 out of 75 incidents (or 41 percent of the time), some lack of situational awareness (beginning . It was determined that the fire was located in the basement with the only access from Side Charlie. Thus, the number of Fire Fighter Fatalities displayed in the Search Criteria block rarely will match the number of deaths listed in the table. U.S. Firefighters need to be ready to respond to just about anything these days. Data shows the grim impact of COVID-19 on first responders has extended beyond just active-duty individuals, too. L502 entered a bedroom and found a window on Side Charlie, broke the window, called a Mayday on the radio, and started yelling for help. This is the fourth time in the past five years that the total number of deaths at the scene of fires has been at or below 20. The deaths listed below have the same location attribute. Phase in a mandatory comprehensive wellness and fitness program for firefighters. JAY T. PETRILLO is a fire data assistant at NFPA and a captain with the fire department in North Providence, Rhode Island. . The fire extended to the 1st floor and 2nd floor of the fire building. Saving Lives, Protecting People, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program (FFFIPP), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. A firefighter from Ladder 5 (L502) and a firefighter from Ladder 4 (L403) were separated from the other crews and from each other. Of those, 78 are believed to have died from line-of-duty COVID-19 exposures. indicate deaths with the same location attribute, but the deaths may not have occurred The firefighters who died last year included 27 volunteer firefighters, 23 career firefighters, 10 employees or contractors of state and federal land management agencies, and two members of the military. Be prepared. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. A summary of the Fire Service Community Meeting held on June 27, 2022 was posted to Regulations.gov. tabular statistics, and case listing access to data on all U.S. fire fighter on-duty This report contains overall statistics from NFPA's study on on-duty firefighter fatalities in 2021. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) released a 75-page report on the March 2014 fire that claimed two Boston firefighters. This factsheet describes the NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation Prevention Program (FFFIPP), which is a public health program that conducts independent investigations of select career and volunteer firefighter line-of-duty deaths. marker indicates a completed NIOSH investigation. CDC twenty four seven. Investigation Steps One was shot on arrival at the scene. Many of the COVID-19 firefighter deaths in 2020 were tied to specific emergency calls, particularly medical calls, where firefighters were exposed to infected members of the public. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. A 2nd Alarm for Box 5-49 was transmitted at 0419 hours at the request of Command (Car 4). More information about this report will appear in the Winter 2021 issue of NFPA Journal. You can review and change the way we collect information below. deaths. CDC twenty four seven. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has a long history of working to protect firefighters. This annual study includes only on-duty firefighter fatalities that occurred in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Sudden cardiac death accounted for a higher proportion of the deaths among older firefighters, as might be expected. Through the Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program, NIOSH conducts investigations of firefighter line-of-duty deaths to formulate recommendations for preventing future deaths and injuries.The program does not seek to determine fault or place blame on fire departments or individual firefighters, but to learn from . Structure Fires in Religious and Funeral Properties, Fire Safety Challenges of Tall Wood Buildings, Phase 2: Tasks 2 & 3 Development and Implementation of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Compartment Fire Tests, Phase 2: Task 4 Engineering Analysis and Computer Simulations, Phase 2: Task 5 Experimental Study of Delamination of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) in Fire, Chimney Top Devices in International Codes, Impact of Chimney-top Appurtenances on Flue Gas Flow, Egress Modelling in health Care Occupancies, Total Evac Systems for Tall Buildings Literature Review, Total evacuation systems for tall buildings, Pilot Evaluation of the Remembering When Program in Five Communities in Iowa, Aircraft Loading Walkways Literature and Information Review, Evaluating Occupant Load Factors for Ambulatory Health Care Facilities, Determining Self-Preservation Capability in Pre-School Children, Disaster Resiliency and NFPA Codes and Standards, Validation of the Fire Safety Evaluation System in the 2013 Edition of NFPA 101A, Non-Fire Hazard Provisions in NFPA Codes and Standards: A Literature Review, Fire Safety Challenges of Green Buildings, Archived reports - Building and life safety, Audible Alarm Signal Waking Effectiveness: Literature Review, Carbon Monoxide Incidents: A Review of the Data Landscape, Combustible Gas Dispersion in Residential Occupancies and Detector Location Analysis, Door Messaging Strategies: Implications for Detection and Notification, Evaluation of the Responsiveness of Occupants to Fire Alarms in Buildings: Phase 1, Review of Alarm Technologies for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Populations, Smoke Detector Spacing for High Ceiling Spaces, Smoke Alarm Nuisance Source Characterization: Experimental Results, Smoke Alarm Nuisance Source Characterization Phase 1, Fire Alarms and People with ASD: A Literature Summary, Guidance Document: Emergency Communication Strategies for Buildings, Parameters for Indirect Viewing of Visual Signals USed in Emergency Notification, Carbon Monoxide Diffusion through Porous Walls: A Critical Review of Literature and Incidents, Carbon Monoxide Toxicology: Overview of Altitude Effects on the Uptake and Dissociation of COHb and Oxygen in Human Blood, Archived reports - Detection and signaling, Electric Circuit Data Collection: An Analysis of Health Care Facilities, Fire resistance of concrete for electrical conductors, Fatal Electrical Injuries of Contract Workers, Occupational Injuries from Electrical Shock and Arc Flash Events, Assessment of Hazardous Voltage/Current in Marinas, Boatyards and Floating Buildings, Emergency Response to Incident Involving Electric Vehicle Battery Hazards, Electric/Hybrid Vehicle Safety Training for Emergency Responders, Development of Fire Mitigations Solutions for PV Systems Installed on Building Roofs - Phase 1, Evaluation of Electrical Feeder and Branch Circuit Loading: Phase 1, Electronic cigarette explosions and fires, Data Assessment for Electrical Surge Protection Devices, Analytical Modeling of Pan and Oil Heating On an Electric Coil Cooktop, Development of Standardized Cooking Fires for Evaluation of Prevention Technologies, Commercial Roof-Mounted Photovoltaic System Installation Best Practices Review and All Hazard Assessment, Residential Electrical Fire Problem: The Data Landscape, NFPA 1700 Training Materials: Development of Training Materials to Support the Implementation of NFPA 1700, Guide for Structural Fire Fighting, Literature Review on Spaceport Fire Safety, An Analysis of Public Safety Call Answering and Event Processing Times, Development of real-time particulate and toxic gas sensors for firefighter health and safety, Economic Impact of Firefighter Injuries in the United States, Evaluating Data and Voice Signals in Pathway Survivable Cables for Life Safety Systems, Fire and Emergency Service Personnel Knowledge and Skills Proficiency, Incidents with Three or More Firefighter Deaths, Firefighter deaths by cause and nature of injury table, Deadliest fires with 5 or more firefighter deaths at the fire ground table, Incidents resulting in the deaths of 8 or more firefighters table, Top 10 Deadliest Wildland Firefighter Fatality Incidents table, Fireground Exposure of Firefighters A Literature Review, Flammable refrigerants firefighter training: Hazard assessment and demonstrative testing, Next Generation Smart and Connected Fire Fighter System, Public Safety Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) Compliance Training: Literature Review & Use Case Study, Review of Emergency Responder Standard Operating Procedures/Guidelines (SOP/SOG), Patterns of Female Firefighter Injuries on the Fireground, Evaluation of the Performance of Station Wear Worn under a NFPA 1971 Structural Fire Fighter Protective Ensemble, Recommendations for Developing and Implementing a Fire Service Contamination Control Campaign, Non-Destructive Assessment of Outer Shell Degradation for Firefighter Turnouts, Fire Fighter Equipment Operational Environment: Evaluation of Thermal Conditions, Developing a Research Roadmap for the Smart Fire Fighter of the Future, Evaluation and Enhancement of Fire Fighter PASS EffectivenessSection Page, Development of Permeation Test Method for Zippers and Other Closures, Evaluation of Intrinsic Safety for Emergency Responder Electronic Safety Equipment, Automotive Fire Apparatus Tire Replacement, Risk-Based Decision Support in Managing Unwanted Alarms, Impact of Fixed Fire Fighting Systems on Road Tunnel Resilience, Ventilation and Other Systems, High Hazard Flammable Trains (HHFT) On-Scene Incident Commander Field Guide, Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Emergencies On-Scene Incident Commander Field Guide, Analysis of Recruit Initial Fire Fighter Training Curricula, Using Crowdsourcing to Address Electric Vehicle Fires, Evaluation of Fire Service Training Fires, Development of an Environmental and Economic Assessment Tool (Enveco Tool) for Fire Events, Fire Based Mobile Integrated Healthcare and Community Paramedicine (MIH & CP) Data and Resources, Combustible Dust Flame Propagation and Quenching in Pipes and Ducts, Light Gas (Hydrogen) Dispersion Screening Tool, Variables Impacting the Probability and Severity of Dust Explosions in Dust Collectors, Evaluation of fire and explosion hazard of nanoparticles, Fire Hazard Assessment of Lead-Acid Batteries, Influence of particle size and moisture content of wood particulates on deflagration hazard, Vapor mitigation testing using fixed water spray system, Variables Associated with the Classification of Ammonium Nitrate | NFPA, Separation Distances in NFPA Codes and Standards, Evaluation of the Fire Hazard of ASHRAE Class A3 Refrigerants in Commercial Refrigeration Applications, Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facility Fire Code Gap Analysis, Estimation of Fireball Dimensions from NFPA 68, LNG model evaluation protocol and validation database update, Hazard Assessment of Lithium Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems, Lithium ion batteries hazard and use assessment, Impact of Elevated Walkways in Storage on Sprinkler Protection - Phase 1, Impact of Home Fire Sprinkler System Requirements in California, Impact of Obstructions on Spray Sprinklers Phase I, Obstructions and Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinklers, Review of Oxygen Reduction Systems for Warehouse Storage Applications, Sprinkler Protection Guidance for Lithium-Ion Based Energy Storage Systems, Stakeholder Perceptions of Home Fire Sprinklers, Applying Reliability Based Decision Making to ITM Frequency, Storage Protection in the Presence of Horizontal Barriers or Solid Shelving Literature Review, Protection of Storage Under Sloped Ceilings, Fire Department Connection Inlet Flow Assessment, Use of Gaseous Suppression Systems in High Air Flow Environments - Phase 1, Quantification of Water Flow Data Adjustments for Sprinkler System Design, Water-Based Fire Protection System Tagging Review, Addressing the Performance of Sprinkler Systems: NFPA 25 and Other Strategies, Foam Application for High Hazard Flammable Train (HHFT) Fires, Impact of Fire Extinguisher Agents on Cultural Resource Materials, Protection of Exposed Expanded Group A Plastics, Literature Review on Hybrid Fire Suppression Systems, Evaluation of Water Additives for Fire Control, Fire ember production from wildland and structural fuels, WUI-NITY: a platform for the simulation of wildland-urban interface fire evacuation, Pathways for Building Fire Spread at the Wildland Urban Interface, A Collection of Geospatial Technological Approaches for Wildland and Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) Fire Events, Flammable refrigerants: Fire Fighter Training Material Development Workshop, NFPA Building Safety and Security Workshop, Workshop on School Safety, Codes and Security - December 2014, Preparing for Disaster: Workshop on Advancing WUI Resilience, Public Safety sUAS Compliance Training Workshop, Global Research Update: High Challenge Storage Protection, Workshop for Survey on Usage and Functionality of Smoke Alarms and CO Alarms in Households, Big Data and Fire Protection Systems Workshop, Power Over the Ethernet (PoE) Summit: Next Steps, Workshop on Energy Storage Systems and the Built Environment, Marina Shock Hazard Research Planning Workshop, Property Insurance Research Group Forum on PV Panel Fire Risk, Workshop on Smart Buildings and Fire Safety, The Next Five Years in Fire and Electrical Safety, Resiliency and Emergency Preparedness Workshop, Workshop Proceedings on Emergency Responder Vehicles, Fire Hose Workshop in Support of the Technical Committee, Competencies for Responders to Incidents of Flammable Liquids in Transport Developing a Codes and Standards Roadmap, Workshop on Key Performance Capabilities and Competencies for High Hazard Incident Commander, Workshop on International Wildfire Risk Reduction, Wildland and WUI Fire Research Planning Workshop, Wildland Urban Interface Land Use Policy Workshop, Economic Impact of Codes and Standards: A Workshop on Needs and Resources, Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and Solar Safety, Campaign for Fire Service Contamination Control, Environmental impact of fire - Research road map, WUINITY a platform for the simulation of wildlandurban interface fire evacuation, Protection of Storage Under Sloped Ceilings Phase 3, Safe Quantity of Open Medical Gas Storage in a Smoke Compartment, PPE and Fire Service Gear Cleaning Validation, Stranded Energy within Lithium-Ion Batteries, Fire Fighter Flammable Refrigerant Training, Influence of wood particulate size and moisture content on deflagration hazard, Enhancing Incident Commander Competencies for Management of Incidents Involving Pipeline and Rail Car Spills of Flammable Liquids, The Fire Protection Research Foundation's 40th Anniversary, NFPA Community Risk Assessment Pilot Project, About the NFPA Research Library and Archives, Firefighter Injuries in the United States in 2019, Large-Loss Fires in the United States in 2019, Catastrophic Fires and Explosions in the United States in 2019, Catastrophic Multiple-Death Fires and Explosions by Type in 2019, Report: Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2019, Selected 2019 US Firefighter Fatality Incidents, Addressing Stranded Energy Starts with Learning More About It, 2018 Large-Loss Fires and Explosions in the United States Report, Selected 2018 US Firefighter Injury Incidents, Nonmetallic tubes: No longer a pipe dream, International: Again, Russian mall fires spark outcry, suspicion, 2018 Fire Loss in the United States report, 2018 Catastrophic Multiple-Death Fires Report, Firefighter Fatalities in the United States in 2018, Selected 2018 US Firefighter Fatality Incidents, 2017 Catastrophic Multiple Death Fire Report, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

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