they are not interested in this in spanish duolingogoblin commander units

Cristbal: Emilio respondi la llamada y, para mi sorpresa, acept hablar conmigo. Finally, they were being promoted to division one! Grammar Lessons. None of it made any sense. You can read our full review of Babbel here. No participaremos. These all-Spanish exercises get you thinking in Spanish and using the whole range of Spanish vocabulary and grammar that you've studied. But whats really exciting about grammar rules is that they are there to help people communicateand to do so really efficiently. Le dije que yo no era periodista, sino un director de documentales y que habamos estudiado en la misma universidad. Martina Castro: Even though Rodrigo was obsessed with soccer, there was one problem: In the state of Veracruz, where Rodrigo grew up, there wasnt a division one team. Well, we Spanish teachers have a little trick up our sleeve: think of gustar as meaning to be pleasing to. So we can think of the above sentence as saying My dress was pleasing to her, and it makes sense why we use the indirect object pronoun le. Cristbal: Emilio y yo entramos juntos a la sala. Even if its just five or ten minutes a day, creating a daily study habit is essential for learning a language. Martina: At one point during the evening, Emilio had to go to the bathroom, which was in the basement. The makers of Duolingo, a popular language-learning app, are being criticized for including phrases in the company's Spanish-language curriculum that some users say are racist. Yo pagu las cervezas esa noche y l no par de rerse. Duolingo believes in making education free, fun, and available to everyone. In this common mistake the learner is using the subject pronoun l right after the verb to try to say that this person is the thing that is seen. Both platforms lessons have you do things like matching pictures to words, translations, organizing sentences, and so on. That's exactly what I wrote: " A ellos no les interesa mucho en esto." It was marked as incorrect. As que lo hice, me llev la escultura. As in, "Le gust mi vestido y se lo prest" (She liked my dress, and I lent it to her). Google Books, https://books.google.com/books?id=GzgWsZDlVo0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false. Reportero: La estatua de Rodin ha desaparecido, la polica se encuentra haciendo bloques de bsqueda. They were everything for him. Cristbal: Era un fin de semana y la sala estaba llena. Era la primera vez que el robo de una obra tan cara ocurra en Chile. Guidebook. No one should download and use the Duolingo app without first understanding that it is not THE WAY to learn a language because there is no such thing, as Dr. Brent Wolter pointed out in a 2019 interview (TESOL). Emilio: Yo no senta que estaba robando algo, no me senta un ladrn. It's 100% free, fun and science-based. The system is impressive in the way it turns language learning into a game using rewards, fake currency, leader boards to promote competition, and leagues. Cuando el partido termin, Jorge me dijo que soy muy, muy, muy malo. Jorge era argentino y jugaba en la posicin de ataque. Our Spanish course will keep you coming back day after day, because our teaching and learning experts have designed a language-learning experience that is both fun and effective. Unsubscribe at any time. Everybody was talking about the mysterious thief, or ladrn. Tuve miedo, y pens que me iban a enviar a prisin. And this is where English speakers who are learning Spanish can get mixed up. Martina: To this day, the Rodin Foundation takes issue with Cristbals film. The Duolingo Spanish podcast is produced by Duolingo and Adonde Media. I hope you are getting as excited as I am about what the lo vs. le distinction means for communication: you can say so much with so little. The two of them prepared one of the main scenes of the documentary together; they gathered some of Jorges ex teammates and friends. Trying to wade through all of the subtle rules of learning a new language can be tough! For a second, he got scared that an alarm would go off. But he realized that his message was not coming across to the general public. Georgetown University Press, 1992. I am currently in the Sapphire League, thank you very much, and I am not going back to the Gold League. Examples of imperfect Reason for the situation to continue or repeat; lvaro llam a sus paps cuando cruzaban el puente ayer. Later in the course you'll also get more practice immersing yourself in Spanish, in exercises that don't rely on English at all! Heres Emilio: Emilio: Yo nunca quise contar mi historia a pesar de que se publicaron muchas cosas falsas sobre m. Comprehensible input is language input around the learners proficiency level but involves what Krashen calls i + 1 (Ellis 47). The fact that its completely free to use has opened up language learning to people all over the world, regardless of their economic situation. Each Unit Guidebook offers tips about vocabulary, grammar, or pronunciation, as well as a roundup of key phrases! In fact theres a japanese teaching method called Kumon that is based in repetition, it can be tedious but I can assure its effective, specially with the basics. Le dije que quera conocerlo para hablar de sus motivaciones, pero nunca imagin que aceptara. We add new lessons, tips, and Stories to the course all the time, so be sure to update your app regularly. Or is the banker giving money to Lucy? Another issue involves the types of sentences that Duolingo teaches. These are not language lessons; theyre life lessons through language. Well done. Martina: Emilio didnt want to be known as a thief. Whether you're learning Spanish to connect with family, prepare for post-pandemic travel, or keep up with schoolwork, our Spanish course gives you variety and flexibility for fun, personalized learning. Theyve even had some fun by adding fantasy languages like High Valyrian and Klingon. What were his motives? Two of the possible answers were names: Megan and Morgan; two of them were capitalized: Good and Goodbye; and two of them were not capitalized: good and morning. Logically, I eliminate Megan and Morgan right off the bat (nothing personal), mainly because of their lack of lexical usefulness. He has expertise in Hispanic Linguistics and second language teaching and learning. Martina: Emilio looked at the bronze sculpture and remembered his theory that a work of art can become even more famous after it disappears. They currently have 14 languages available German, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Swedish, Turkish, Dutch, Polish, Indonesian, Russian, Danish, Norwegian, and English. Now, Rule Seeker, lets take what weve learned and try it on that sentence you shared: Le gust mi vestido y se lo prest. After a famous sculpture by Auguste Rodin goes missing, and then dramatically reappears, a Chilean filmmaker sets out to uncover the motives of the mysterious art student responsible for the theft. Spanish pronouns take different forms depending on if they refer to direct objects or indirect objects (or subjects, too!). Duolingo believes in making education free, fun, and available to everyone. Les ensee mis ideas sobre el arte escritas en un documento. The goals scored by the Tiburones were all by Jorge Comas, who was swiftly becoming Rodrigos childhood hero. Rodrigo Soberanes: Da a da hablamos ms y ms, y yo comenc a saber todo de Jorge: de cmo conoci a su mujer, de cmo eran sus 9 hijos. Its the thing thats [verb]-ed in the situation. And le is a pronoun that stands in for the indirect object and announces, Are you looking for the noun impacted by the situation in an indirect way? He was wearing a linen shirt with short sleeves, denim pants and black shoes. To scaffold language-learning, Duolingo provides linguistic input in the Four Skills: reading, writing, speaking, and listening. The Torso of Adele had been recovered. La polica no entenda. Ellis, Rod. It gives plenty of input, fortifies grammatical and lexical knowledge, and provides plenty of opportunities to practice reading and writing, though not nearly as much as it could listening and speaking. Martina: But suddenly, just as quickly and dramatically as the robbery had happened, the police announced that the mysterywas solved. Speechling can help a lot with this, and Id suggest checking it out. Any program needs to know where a students proficiency level is before it can meet them where they are and guide them beyond it. But, of course, to do that, Cristobal would have to talk with the mastermind himself the art student, Emilio. To them, the missing statue was not a piece of performance art it was a robbery, plain and simple. The Duolingo system reflects at least in part the ideas of Stephen Krashen, whose input hypothesis, despite having received some criticism, has influenced many language learning programs in the U.S. today. Alright, Rule Seeker, now that youre armed with some pretty in-depth knowledge of how direct and indirect objects work, lets take a step back and think about how English and Spanish are different. A few months before I went on a much-needed vacation to Mexico City in 2018, I tried Duolingo, the ubiquitous language-learning app, to gently push my Spanish skills into something resembling respectability. Fascinating stories in easy-to-understand Spanish. Pero en el ao 2007, en un momento agarr todas mis cosas y me fui para el Puerto de Veracruz. He had a quick drink, but soon slipped outside and met up with a friend near the museum. Cristbal: El estudiante asumi su responsabilidad. Cristbal: Yo quera conocerlo para hablar de sus motivaciones, pero despus del caso, Emilio no quiso hablar con nadie y desapareci. And she uses se to communicate that the banker is the indirect object, that he is the receiver (fun fact: the se is just a le or les in disguisewhen le and lo are put together, le lo becomes se lo and les lo also becomes se lo). These are technical terms that grammar nerds like myself use to talk about the role that nouns are playing in a situation. Im your host and executive producer, Martina Castro. Rodrigo and Jorge grew so close that one time. Martina: Emilio wasnt in the museum that night to see the new exhibit featuring Rodin. However, this feature is currently unavailable. We wont send you spam. A few days later, Los Tiburones Rojos played their first division one game, and they tied. But, when the student accused of stealing the statue went to court, the case got even stranger. Mondly definitely is better than Duolingo's gamified learning experience. Hosted by Martina Castro, co-founder of NPRs Radio Ambulante. Segn ellos, s era una performance, era arte y no un robo. You'll solve grammatical puzzles in special grammar units, where you'll focus on mastering bite-size chunks of grammar. They're both free, convenient, and make impressive claims about how well they teach foreign languages. Encend la televisin y escuch las noticias de ltima hora. The phrase i + 1 refers to input that introduces new linguistic principles that students are primed to receive. Martina: The two friends examined the artwork and saw Rodins signature. Why would I need to know their names in Welsh? Martina: Emilio and Cristbal ended up hitting it off. Ya la haba visto tantas veces que no saba si tendra xito o no. Con Cristbal fue diferente porque sent que tenamos cosas en comn. Dr. Cindy Blanco is a senior learning scientist at Duolingo and a former college instructor of Spanish and linguistics. The target phrase was capitalized, so I kept Good and Goodbye and discarded good because the capital letter makes Good seems more likely than good. Bore da is also two words, so I decide on a two-word answer in English: Good morning. Choosing a two-word translation in the L1 for a two-word phrase in the target language is one instance of linguistic transfer, a common strategy employed by language learners to fill in gaps in their communicative competence. You might think of the different forms of pronouns like costumes that nouns put on based on their role! Im a Senior Curriculum Designer here at Duolingo, and one of the big things that I work on is the Spanish course for speakers of English. Rodrigo Soberanes: Si necesitaba comida, yo le daba. Babbel teaches the language in a much more traditional manner, sort of like youd expect within a classroom. Why is it lo and not le? Hubo una conexin. He had heard of Rodinbut what he didnt know was that he was standing before one of the exhibits most prized pieces. Learn Spanish in just 5 minutes a day with our game-like lessons. That does not mean that they are not interested in you. By Duolingo on Thu 07 Dec 2017. Babbel doesnt teach you to make lots of silly sentences that youll never use. The person or thing Im referring to is a direct object in this sentence! Using a word like lana is soooo Lins style, so lets give her the first turn: Eddy uses l to refer to the banker and signal that hes the subjectthe giver. Yo estaba haciendo una accin de arte. With over 30 languages available, the number of users on Duolingo is truly staggering. He wanted to begin his own art career and distance himself from the robbery. The links in the table below can help you figure out which resources may be a better choice. Italian So if you're interested in playing some Spanish games and improving your language skills, Duolingo is the . Subscribe to our newsletter for special offers. Yo no era un ladrn; no quera vender la escultura. I'm a big fan of Duolingo. After a while, the motivation derived from that part of the game can ebb away. Hablamos mucho sobre los Tiburones Rojos y sobre qu estaba mal en el equipo. Emilio: Entr sin saber qu haba en ese cuarto. I want to learn languages because I am interested in languages, but there were days when I had far less of a desire to study. The exercises arent particularly hard, and youll probably be able to fly through most of them. As a last resort, Rodrigo reached out to Jorges ex-teammates from Los Tiburones Rojos. Its also not that expensive, often less than $10 per hour of private classes. Arabic Im Martina Castro, and this season were digging into some of the greatest mysteries of art and literature in the Spanish-speaking world. (general) a. no estoy interesado. Pimsleur does much better with that though they also have their own weaknesses. Mainly, he was obsessed with how valuable art was and how certain works of art became even more valuable when they were stolen, or disappeared Emilio: Yo era estudiante y tena muchas ideas locas sobre el arte que escriba en mis cuadernos. I'm not here to teach you how to learn a language - countless people are more qualified to do that than me. But when he went inside, he didnt check out the bamboo furniture or his view of the ocean. Martina Castro: Not long ago, Rodrigo heard that Jorge had been on state television, giving a trophy to a team from a small town called Chicoasn. These are short mini units centered around a specific topic, such as family, emotions, routines, or weather. There are currently over 21 million students learning Spanish on Duolingo. Rodrigo Soberanes: Despus de unos meses, Jorge Comas se convirti en la estrella de ftbol de la ciudad. She uses lo to signal that the money is the direct object, that it is whats given. Emilio: Vi el Torso de Adele que todava estaba sobre mi escritorio. Martina: Emilio considered the theft of the statue a performance. He believed he was making a statement about art, and its value. Martina: Cristbal kept digging. The teaching method is much more explicit and places more of an emphasis on conversational language than Duolingo, and its therefore a bit better for serious learners who want a stronger foundation and a deeper understanding of the language. Youll notice that many popular Asian languages are missing. The good news is that Babbel is one of the most affordable language-learning platforms around. The fact that theyve opened the doors for so many people to begin learning a new language is really an amazing thing. Ahora, cada vez que presentamos el documental, la gente me dice: Oye, qu interesante lo que hiciste. A qu hora te duchas? Bajaron las luces y la pelcula comenz. Wolter, Brent. Le habl sobre mi idea de hacer un documental. Duolingo is amazing for a free resource. Rollinson, Joseph. If the learner already has some proficiency of which they are aware, they can click the button marked Already Know Some __________? Duolingo is the world's most popular way to learn a language. I am really struggling to understand how to determine whether to use lo or le. I have taught Spanish at both the high school and university levels, and Im really excited to dive into this weeks question! They teach the language in somewhat similar ways, and the exercises look quite a bit alike. They are intended for helping. Martina Castro: and if Rodrigo ever felt sick to his stomach, Jorge would show up with a miraculous chicken soup. Martina Castro: Yes they even cried together. Both lo and le are pronouns, which are words that stand in for or refer to nouns (you might remember a recent post from Dr. Cindy that explores pronouns in depth). In the summer of 2019, Duolingo released an Arabic for English speakers course. When I acquired a smartphone, I too downloaded the Duolingo app because I wanted to begin studying German again. The games are designed to help you learn vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, and they're a fun way to practice what you've learned. Martina Castro: Welcome to the first episode of the Duolingo Spanish Podcast. He called around asking about him, and even Jorges closest friends didnt know where he had gone. Babbel also doesnt have the same audio issues that Duolingo does. Spanish Ya haban pasado seis aos del robo, pero mi curiosidad segua igual. Emilio: Una cosa es el mundo del arte y otra muy diferente, el mundo de la ley. Emilio: Nadie piensa en lo fcil que el arte puede desaparecer. A qu hora nos levantamos maana? Reportero: Un valioso busto del escultor francs Auguste Rodin ha sido robado del Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de Santiago. As of July 2022, Spanish is one of Duolingo's most feature-packed courses. Martina Castro: All grown up and pursuing a career in journalism, Rodrigo finally decided to leave his hometown of Xalapa. He decided there was only one thing to do. Martina Castro: But after the party was over, Jorge went back to being his regular self. Martina: The two men agreed to meet at a bar in Santiago. El Museo Rodin de Francia la haba prestado al Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes para una gran exposicin. On Duolingo you can get achievements, streaks for studying each day, earn lingots to spend on power-ups, track your study time, and compete for a spot on their leaderboard. Llegu a la ciudad en un coche viejo y con tres bolsos. Emilio: Ocult el verdadero motivo. It didnt even matter if the team lost! This article is a reflection on my perceptions of the Duolingo app and my user-experience, as well as an evaluation of Duolingos functionality as a tool for language learning. The story itself is fabulous and the way the Spanish is presented is great because even if you don't completely understand every part of it you get the gist of it and then what the English person, Martina, adds, just kind of confirms it. The sentence we want here is Lo vi or Yo lo vi.. Gracias por escuchar! In either case, sentences can end up sounding extremely unnatural. Rodrigo was relieved and happy to hear these news. Our senior editor is Laura Isensee. This is the end goal of Duolingo (besides practicing your language) which most users have no idea about. Cristbal: Nos vimos muy temprano en un bar. If you are persistent, follow the instructions and complete the minimum daily activity, you will speak the language, Guarantee! Tiempo despus, cuando empec a exhibir mis obras, Cristbal me encontr. I would love to know the hard and fast rules. . Martina: Cristbal looked for everything that had been published in the press, both in Chile and around the world. Another aspect that Duolingo learners complain about is that some people are in it more for the game than the language, and so search for shortcuts to make more points or XP, as the game calls them. Hello, learners! Yo estaba muy nervioso. Hindi Martina: Cristbal relaxed when he heard loud laughter ripple through the theater. Pronouns like "she," "us," and "it" allow us to communicate about nouns quicker because they tend to be short. Recuerdo que una vez escrib: El mundo est lleno de obras de arte, qu ocurrira si ese arte desaparece?. I also received a number of multiple-choice answers to select from. But in this common mistake the learner is trying to use lo as the subject of the sentence, even though lo is a direct object pronoun. He was attending a free art opening held after hours, hosted by one of his professors. Then, they went to the park to drink a box of wine. 2019, https://worldenglishes.lmc.gatech.edu/interview-dr-brent-wolter-on-tesol/. Martina Castro: After greeting Comas, Rodrigo continued on to his apartment. Thats how Cristbal finally got to talk to the mysterious Emilio. Cristbal was nervous about how everyone might react to the film. Find them by tapping on the notebook icon at the top of each unit. But I generally dislike phone games, which meant I didn't love the app, which gamifies language education through exercises and achievements. They can try out some of the lessons and see if it influences their linguistic awareness, as well as their attitudes toward the English learners in their classes. I'm learning through Duolingo but hate the fact that I end up worrying more about my streak than actually learning and some of the examples are so bad. La here refers to la lana and tells us that the money is what is given, and se refers to Lucy, telling us that shes the indirect object, the receiver. Emilio: Les dije: "No fue un robo y aqu est el proyecto que lo confirma. We also offer full transcripts at podcast.duolingo.com. Duolingo does also offer a premium plan, but most people would be happy with the free version. That meant he had to root for other teams when he watched games on TV, and it just wasnt the same. Jorge had no family, no money, and many regrets. Im your host, Martina Castro. However, there are plenty of other language learning apps worth considering besides these two. Rodrigo Soberanes: Conocer a mi dolo fue algo que yo no esperaba. Another commenter mentioned feeling that questions have gotten easier and there are fewer prompts to write full sentences. Some important words may be first introduced with pictures, but others will show up for the first time in an exercise where youre supposed to translate a sentence. While its completely silly, you are at least learning to construct sentences, and they might even make you smile. lvaro called his parents when they were crossing the bridge yesterday. Me cont unas historias y me confes algunos secretos tambin. Click here for study materials for this episode. Duolingo is best for casual learners who may want to dabble in a few different languages, may struggle with staying motivated, or arent willing to spend money. And a recent study shows that our course really works, too: reaching midway through in our Spanish course is equivalent to four semesters of university classes, so sticking with your learning pays off! Qu creativo!. But finally, he got a lucky break. This episode was produced by Duolingo and Adonde Media. The lesson laterasks me the meaning of da and provides multiple choices that include good, but not morning. I know that had I not received the capitalization cues in that first sample, I probably would have leaned on the syntax of my L1 and answered incorrectly because Bore da would be literally translated as morning good in English. So as we dive into this question, well be asking what the lo vs. le distinction is giving us in terms of communication! But unlike his friends, Rodrigo got to meet his idol. We aspiring polyglots (or maybe polygluttons is a more applicable term) can cram ourselves with little bits of a lot of different things, which is perfect if we are not interested in acquiring fluency but rather knowing more about individual languages and learning a few words and key phrases in each. Yo estaba obsesionado. I believe they want this, and based on the number of people using the app, I would say that they are certainly reaching toward the universal availability objective. : We're not sure if lvaro's parents ended up making it to the other side of the bridge, but we do know that they had the intention to cross the bridge and were in the process of doing so . To learn more about myself, the site, or our reviewing process. Rodrigo Soberanes: Habl mucho con Jorge. Sign-up to get a huge list of free resources tailored to the language youre studying. Martina Castro: So, on his first day of work as a journalist in this new city, Rodrigo decided to ask Jorge Comas for an interview. The quickest way to describe the differences between them would be. The Duolingo system reflects at least in part the ideas of Stephen Krashen, whose input hypothesis, despite having received some criticism, has influenced many language learning programs in the U.S. today. Cristbal: En su defensa, l dijo que era una performance artstica, no un crimen. La polica deca que caba en una mochila. Would you like to try this moisturiser? In fact, any opportunity teachers or tutors can get to know the first languages of those they teach a bit better, the better off those teachers will be. Mixing was done by Andrs Fechtenholz, Daniel Murcia, and Mauricio Mendoza. Martina Castro is co-founder of Radio Ambulante and CEO of Adonde Media, a bilingual podcast production company. Emilio: Terminamos de beber el vino y conversamos sobre el arte y la vida, sobre lo que acababa de hacer. Thank you, bye-bye. Welcome to another week of Dear Duolingo, an advice column just for language learners. Yo busqu mi asiento. SpanishDict is the world's most popular Spanish-English dictionary, translation, and learning website. or intrinsic (I want to learn a language because it will do something for me or promises a reward!), but most learners need both to learn a language. You'll earn points and compete with friends and learners around the world it might feel unlike any classroom experience you've ever had! Listen free on Apple Podcasts or wherever you listen to podcasts. Babbel vs Duolingo A Deeper Look Reveals Their Differences, HelloTalk vs Tandem: Our Experience Testing Both Of Them, Rosetta Stone vs Fluenz: Both Expensive, Neither Amazing, Pimsleur vs Fluenz: Communication Focused vs Academic Learning, Rosetta Stone vs Living Language Im Not A Fan Of Either, Busuu vs Memrise: Ones A Course & The Other A Flashcard App, Pimsleur vs Babbel: Both Good, But Have Different Strengths, Duolingo vs Pimsleur Both Have Their Benefits, But I Prefer Pimsleur, Rocket Languages vs Rosetta Stone Probably Neither, Babbel vs Busuu: Similar But With Important Differences, Pimsleur vs Michel Thomas: One Is Good The Other Is Not, Transparent Language vs Rosetta Stone Both Are Lacking, Yabla vs. FluentU vs. Others: Yabla Barely Takes the Lead, italki vs HelloTalk italki For Tutors, HelloTalk For Language Exchange, Busuu vs Duolingo: Both Have Their Own Weaknesses, Babbel vs Memrise: A Full Course vs A Supplementary Tool. Having tried to learn a little bit of some of those languages and felt the frustration that comes from attempting to learn a language so dissimilar from my L1, I feel greater empathy for their endeavors to learn English. That evening, Emilio went to the Santiago Museum of Fine Arts with some friends. Era un artista que sealaba el valor del arte al hacerlo desaparecer. La opinin pblica no entendi bien el tema. You can see Robar a Rodin online anywhere in the world. Lets have some fun and switch the scenario around to say that the banker is the giver, but this time (also for fun! Qu pasa si una obra es robada, o es sacada de contexto? Accessed 27 Mar. Both offer learning of the same or similar, Rosetta Stone and Living Language are online resources providing numerous materials for learning a language. I definitely would recommend Babbel ahead of Duolingo for most people. Our producers this season were Tali Goldman, Lorena Galliot, Caro Rolando, and Antonio Diaz Oliva. I'm not a super polyglot who speaks 20 languages. Emilio: Mi cara estaba en todos los diarios y canales de televisin en Chile. If you try this with Duolingo, youre going to sound ridiculous. And they talked about art until dawn. Saba que l poda documentar bien mi historia, as que acept el proyecto. It makes learning more fun and less intimidating. Martina: A few seconds before the movie started, Emilio showed up, wearing an elegant black suit and red tie. He even started drawing it, until he fell asleep. Prospective users of this app would be well served if they would keep, as I do, a dictionary and a good grammar book about the target language on hand, and find friends to consult and converse with in that language as well. Take a look at the scene below where Lucy is giving money to a banker. Y que adems logr que Chile y el resto del mundo hablaran sobre la estatua y la exposicin. Era el cuerpo de una mujer doblado hacia atrs. Instead, youll learn to say things that youll actually need. You can practice the vocabulary from this first episode on Tinycards. Nunca lo vi tan feliz. Rodrigo Soberanes: Yo lo escuchaba horas.

Gympie Dump Shop Hours, Stacey Schieffelin Net Worth, Hedgehogs For Sale West Virginia, West Ham Players Wages, Articles T